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Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Balistes: Latin, balista, -ae = crossbowman. In Greek, ballo = to throw (Ref. 45335). More on author: Gmelin.
Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 100 m (Ref. 7348), usually 0 - 55 m (Ref. 55172). Subtropical, preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 58°N - 37°S, 98°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean to Moçamedes, Angola. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina (Ref. 7251).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 16.3, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7348); common length : 44.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 47377); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 6.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 3; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 26-29; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 23 - 26. Tall, with a small mouth and plate like scales (Ref. 35388). Three faint irregular broad dark bars on body; a narrow pale transverse band on chin; small light blue spots on upper half of body and median fins, and irregular short lines ventrally (Ref. 13442).
Inhabits bays, harbors, lagoons, and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). May drift with young at surface among Sargassum (Ref. 9710). Usually solitary or in small groups (Ref. 9710). Feeds on benthic invertebrates like mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 4727). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Consumed mostly fresh, smoked, and dried salted. The flesh is of excellent quality. Because it is resistant to capture, it proliferates and competes for food with other species (Ref. 5377).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., B.B. Collette and B.E. Luckhurst, 1999. Fishes of Bermuda: history, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 4. 424 p. (Ref. 35505)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01723 - 0.02419), b=2.90 (2.85 - 2.95), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
69278): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.18-0.43; tm=1).
keancaman (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100) .
