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Esox lucius  Linnaeus, 1758

Northern pike
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Esox lucius
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Russian Federation country information

Common names: Northern pike, Obyknovennaya schuka, Pike
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Most abundant in the basins of the Volga, Ob and Irtysh rivers (Ref. 26334). Reported from Kamchatka (Ref. 37812). This has been translocated to areas within the country for stocking in open waters where they have widely established self-sustaining populations (Ref. 45022). Also Ref. 9988, 1998, 683. Also Ref. 55804. EurRus
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov, 1997
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (strålfeniga fiskar) > Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Esocidae (Pikes)
Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Щука, 白斑狗鱼, Brochet du nord, ... more

Main reference

Crossman, E.J. 1996. (Ref. 26373)
 referenser | Biblio | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Size / Vikt / Age

Max length : 137 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); 150.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 556); common length :55 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 28.4 kg (Ref. 40637); publicerad maxvikt: 28.4 kg; rapporterad maxålder: 30 år (Ref. 556)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 37.6, range 25 - 63 cm

Miljö

; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; flodvandrande; djupintervall 0 - 30 m (Ref. 1998), usually 1 - 5 m (Ref. 1998)

Klimat / Range

Subtropical; 10°C - 28°C (Ref. 12741), preferred ?; 74°N - 36°N, 167°W - 180°E

Utbredning

Circumpolar in fresh water. North America: Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific, Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins from Labrador to Alaska and south to Pennsylvania, Missouri and Nebraska, USA (Ref. 5723). Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Baltic, White, Barents, Arctic, North and Aral Seas and Atlantic basins, southwest to Adour drainage; Mediterranean basin in Rhône drainage and northern Italy. Widely distributed in central Asia and Siberia easward to Anadyr drainage (Bering Sea basin). Historically absent from Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean France, central Italy, southern and western Greece, eastern Adriatic basin, Iceland, western Norway and northern Scotland. Widely introduced and translocated throughout Europe (Ref. 59043). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).
 Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Utplanteringar

Short description

Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 17-25; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 10 - 22; Ryggkotor: 57 - 65. Diagnosed from all other freshwater fishes in Europe by the combination of the following characters: long snout; large mouth; dorsal fin origin slightly in front of anal origin; and lateral line with 105-148 scales (Ref. 59043). Distinguished by its long, flat, 'duck-bill' snout; its large mouth with many large, sharp teeth; and the rearward position of its dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers present only as patches of sharp teeth on gill arches; lateral line notched posteriorly (Ref. 27547). Dorsal located far to the rear; anal located under and arising a little behind dorsal; pectorals low on body, base under opercle; pelvic fins low on body; paired fins rounded, paddle-shaped (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Occurs in clear vegetated lakes, quiet pools and backwaters of creeks and small to large rivers (Ref. 5723). Usually solitary and highly territorial. Enters brackish water in the Baltic. Adults feed mainly on fishes, but at times feed heavily on frogs and crayfish (Ref. 27547). Cannibalism is common. In arctic lakes, it is sometimes the only species present in a given water body. In such cases, juveniles feed on invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates; large individuals are mainly cannibals (Ref. 59043). Cannibalistic as juveniles (Ref. 30578). Feces of pike are avoided by other fish because they contain alarm pheromones. Deposits feces at specific locations, distant from its foraging area (Ref. 59043). Eggs and young are preyed upon by fishes, aquatic insect larvae, birds, and aquatic mammals (Ref. 1998). Does not generally undertake long migrations, but a few may move considerable distances (Ref. 27547). Oviparous (Ref. 205). This fish can be heavily infested with parasites, including the broad tapeworm which, if not killed by thorough cooking, can infect human; is used as an intermediate host by a cestode parasite which results to large losses in usable catches of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in some areas; also suffers from a trematode which causes unsightly cysts on the skin (Ref. 9988). Excellent food fish; utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). Valuable game fish (Ref. 5723). In spite of numerous attempts to culture this species, it was never entirely domesticated and does not accept artificial food (Ref. 30578). Locally impacted by habitat alterations (Ref. 59043).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Least Concern (LC) 

Threat to humans

  Potential pest



Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier

Verktyg

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Classification Tree

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

Internet-källor

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | Check for other websites | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(Vattenbruk: produktion; fiskeri: produktion, species profile; publication : search) | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | Nationella databaser | Offentliga akvarier | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(Go, sök) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.5157 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278)
 4.1   ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 69278)
 Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.07-0.3; tm=2-3; tmax=30; Fec=2,000-600,000)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
 Very high vulnerability (85 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
 Unknown