New Zealand country information

Common names: Haddock, Hake, Tiikati
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Doonan, I.J., M. Dunn and A.C. Hart, 2009
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs around South Island (Ref. 9258). Main fishing grounds off Westland in winter (Ref. 9258). Catches have gradually increased to more than 15 000 tonnes in annual catch (Ref. 58452). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ (Ref. 5755). Also Ref. 9072, 27363, 45493, 58452, 58461, 75154.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Classificação / Names

Actinopterygii (peixes com raios nas barbatanas) > Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes) > Merlucciinae
Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Мерлуза новозеландская, Merlu austral, Merluza austral, ... more

Referência principal

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba. 1990. (Ref. 1371)
Referências | Bibliografia | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Max length : 155 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 58452); common length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1371); Idade máx. registada: 30 anos (Ref. 9072)

Length at first maturity
L_m 80.0, range 75 - 85 cm

Ambiente

; marinhas bentopelágico; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 28 - 1000 m (Ref. 58489)

Clima / Intervalo

Subtropical, preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 33°S - 59°S, 165°E - 66°W (Ref. 58452)

Distribuição

Circumglobal in the southern hemisphere (Ref. 7300). Two distinct groups. New Zealand population: Chatham Rise, Campbell Plateau and South Island northward to the East Cape. Patagonian population: Chiloé Island in the Pacific, southward around the southern tip of South America to the continental shelf to 59°S, and the slope north to 38°S in the Atlantic.
Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Introduções

Descrição breve

Espinhos dorsais (total): 1; Raios dorsais moles (total): 48-57; Espinhos anais 0; Raios anais moles: 40 - 46; Vértebras: 53 - 58. Body more slender than other hakes. Pectoral fins long and slender, stripe reaching anal fin in young individuals but not in fish over 50 cm in SL. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Color is steel gray on back grading to silvery white ventrally.

Found at depths between 415 and 1000 m in New Zealand waters, and 62 to 800 m in South American waters. The Patagonian population feeds on southern blue whiting, whiptail, nototheniids and squids. The New Zealand population feeds mainly on fishes (especially gadoids), squids, euphausiids and benthic organisms. Adults probably migrate southward during the southern summer for feeding and return to the north in winter for spawning (Ref. 1371). Spawning takes place from August to September on the western coast of South Island, from September to November in the northern part of the Campbell Plateau, and between November and January on Chatham Rise (Ref. 58452). Utilized as food fish and fishmeal.

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 115185)

Não avaliado

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial

Mais informação

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Fontes da internet

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278)
4.5 ±0.79 se; Based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 69278)
Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.07-0.19; tm=6-10; tmax=30)

Vulnerabilidade (Ref. 59153)
Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100)

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766)
Medium

Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)