Japan country information

Common names: Sanma
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Sokolovskaya, T.G., A.S. Sokolovskii and E.I. Sobolevskii, 1998
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Type locality, Shimoda (no types known) (Ref. 51648). Recorded from Goto Island off Kyushu (Ref. 11445); also occurs in the Sea of Japan and southern Sea of Okhotsk, moving northwards in summer and southwards in late autumn (Ref. 39882). Also Ref. 2850, 5530, 9988. Esteemed food fish (Ref. 9137).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Tanaka, S., 1935
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Scomberesocidae (Sauries)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Сайра, Balaou du Japon, Paparda del Pacífico, ... more

Main reference

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann. 1983. (Ref. 2850)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 39882); max. published weight: 180.00 g (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 72462)

Length at first maturity
L_m 22.7, range 25 - 28 cm

Environment

Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 230 m (Ref. 9339)

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 18°N, 137°E - 108°W (Ref. 54338)

Distribution

North Pacific: Korea (Ref. 37630) and Japan eastward to Gulf of Alaska and southward to Mexico. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Ref. 26139).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-12; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 12 - 15; Vertebrae: 62 - 69. Caudal fin broadly and finely forked; pectorals small, truncate, first ray notably flattened (Ref. 6885). Dark green to blue on dorsal surface, silvery below, small bright blue blotches distributed haphazardly on sides; fins on lower part of body pale, others with darkened rays (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 12-15 (Ref. 36573).

Adults are generally found offshore, usually near surface, in schools (Ref. 2850). Juveniles associate with drifting seaweed (Ref. 12114, 12115). Feed on small crustaceans, and eggs and larvae of fishes. May glide above the surface of the water when moving away from predators. Prey of Thunnus alalunga and other scombrids (Ref. 9339). Oviparous, with larvae neustonic (Ref. 36573). Eggs are attached to one another and to floating objects via filaments on the shell surface (Ref. 36573). Utilized dried or salted, canned and frozen; also used for fishmeal and pet food; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
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Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
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Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
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Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
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Otoliths
Brains
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Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.7812 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.7 ±0.44 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.3-0.6; tmax=2)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium

Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856)