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Oncorhynchus tshawytscha  (Walbaum, 1792)

Chinook salmon
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2100
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Picture by McDowall, R.M.

country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence:
Salinity:
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
National Database:

分類 / Names

Actinopterygii 輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) > Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

大鳞大麻哈鱼, Чавыча, سلمون ملكي, ... more

主要參考資料

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. (Ref. 5723)
 參考文獻 | 文獻記錄 | 合作者 | 合作者

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大體重: 61.4 kg (Ref. 27547); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 12193)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 82.2  range ? - ? cm

環境

; 海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 375 m (Ref. 58426)

氣候 / 範圍

? - 25°C (Ref. 35682), preferred 4°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 27°N, 136°E - 109°W (Ref. 54251)

分布

Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: drainages from Point Hope, Alaska to Ventura River, California, USA; occasionally strays south to San Diego in California, USA. Also in Honshu, Japan (Ref. 6793), Sea of Japan (Ref. 1998), Bering Sea (Ref. 2850) and Sea of Okhotsk (Ref. 1998). Found in Coppermine River in the Arctic. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

簡短描述

背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 19; 脊椎骨: 67 - 75. Distinguished by the small black spots on the back and on the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin, and the black gums of the lower jaw (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, noticeably laterally compressed in large adults, somewhat deeper than other species (Ref. 6885). Gill rakers wide-spaced and rough; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are dark greenish to blue black on top of head and back, silvery to white on the lower sides and belly; numerous small, dark spots along back and upper sides and on both lobes of caudal; gum line of lower jaw black (Ref. 27547). In fresh water, with the approach of the breeding condition, the fish change to olive brown, red or purplish, the color change being more marked in males than in females (Ref. 27547).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults return to natal streams from the sea to spawn (Ref. 27547). Fry may migrate to the sea after only 3 months in fresh water, some may stay for as long as 3 years, but generally most stay a year in the stream before migrating (Ref. 27547). Some individuals remain close inshore throughout their lives, but some make extensive migrations (Ref. 27547, 44894). Also found in lakes (Ref. 1998). Possibly up to 375 m depth (Ref. 6793). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Food in streams is mainly terrestrial insects and small crustaceans; in the sea, major food items include fishes, crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 27547). Young are preyed upon by fishes and birds (such as mergansers and kingfishers); adults are prey of large mammals and large birds (Ref. 1998). Highly regarded game fish (Ref. 27547). Flesh is usually red, but some are white; the red meat commands a higher price (Ref. 27547). Marketed fresh, smoked, frozen, and canned. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Viscera said to contain high vitamin A content and used successfully as food for hatchery fish (Ref. 28971, 28977).

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 115185)

  未評估 

對人類具威脅

  (Ref. 12257)



人類使用

漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館

工具

Bio-Quiz | E-book | 野外調查 | 檢索表 | 長度- 頻率 Wizard | 生活- 歷史的工具 | 分布圖 | Classification Tree

特別的報告

查看水族館維護 | 查看魚種資料頁 | 查看水產資料頁

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摘要頁 | 點圖資料 | 俗名 | 相片

網路資源

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | 查看其他網站 | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(養殖: 產生; 漁業: 產生, 魚種描繪; publication : search) | GenBank(基因組, 核甘) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | 國家資料庫 | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | 魚類百科全書 | Scirus | 周邊海洋 | SeaLifeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(去, 搜尋) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄 | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

營養階層 (Ref. 69278)
 4.4   ±0.7 se; Based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 69278)
 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=4; tmax=9; Fec=4,000)

瀕危性 (Ref. 59153)
 High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100)
價格種類 (Ref. 80766)
 Very high