Klassifizierung / Names
Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Lebensraum / Klimazone / Range
Ökologie
; seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 800 m (Ref. 27549). Temperate, preferred 7°C (Ref. 107945); 60°N - 28°N, 82°W - 43°W
Western Atlantic: New Foundland and Labrador in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA, but uncommon in nearshore waters south of North Carolina, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 46.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7251); common length : 90.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3787); max. veröff. Gewicht: 22.6 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 30 Jahre (Ref. 796)
Inhabits continental shelf, occurring deeper in southern parts of range (Ref 7251); tolerating a wide range of temperature (0-21°C) (Ref. 5951).
That testes seem to develop earlier and stay ripe longer suggest multiple spawning by males. Eggs are laid in long, ribbon-shaped veils (Ref. 4842).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Mehr Information
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00856 - 0.02440), b=3.00 (2.85 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
69278): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.06-0.1; tmax=30; Fec=300,000).
Prior r = 0.31, 2 SD range = 0.13 - 0.75, log(r) = -1.17, SD log(r) = 0.44, Based on: 1 K, 1 tmax, 2 Fec records
Verwundbarkeit (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100) .