klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulan sejati > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995; Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001; Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.

Lingkungan / Klimat / Range Ekologi

; laut; kisaran kedalaman 30 - 130 m (Ref. 7349). Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 47°N - 28°N, 19°W - 42°E

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Portugal, Morocco, and Canary Islands including the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m 10.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6518); 21.0 cm SL (female); common length : 14.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3397)

Adults are found in the neritic zone, commonly over Posidonia beds and on sand or muddy bottoms (Ref. 6518). They are distributed at depths of 30m to 90m (Ref. 56124). Feed on zooplankton. Are protogynous hermaphrodites.

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Sex reversal occurs at lengths over 10.9 cm TL in the northeastern Mediterranean (Ref. 93202). Also Ref. 103751.

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)

kurang bimbang (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya

FAO(Perikanan: production; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

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Negara-negara
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Sumber internet

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.01023 - 0.01230), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; Based on diet studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 69278): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.24; tmax=5).

keancaman (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100) .

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): High.

Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)