分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 55219). 22°C - ? (Ref. 12451), preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 47°N - 39°S, 99°W - 20°E (Ref. 55219)
Atlantic Ocean: roughly from 45°N to 45°S in the southwestern Atlantic and 35°S in the southeastern Atlantic. Records from the Mediterranean Sea, and from Bretagne, France seem to correspond to a few straying individuals. Classified as 'reduced' (Ref. 12451). It is unclear whether there are two separate stocks or a single population in the Atlantic. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Ref. 26139).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 164.0, range 130 - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4770); common length : 210 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 82.5 kg (Ref. 43)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 43-52; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 23. Blue-black above, silvery white and splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; sometimes with more than 15 rows of obscure whitish stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue with black dots; 2nd dorsal fin dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, with tinges of silvery white in some specimens; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; caudal fin blackish brown.
Usually above the thermocline. Its distribution varies seasonally, reaching higher latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres only during the respective warm seasons. Usually found in deep (over 100 m) blue water with surface temperatures over 22°C and salinities of 35 to 37 ppt. Currents of 0.5 to 2 knots occur over much of its habitat. Feeds on fishes and squids. Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Flesh is of excellent quality. Marketed fresh and frozen.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Migrates into subtropical waters to spawn, with peak spawning occurring in early summer. The spawning areas are found in deep and blue oceanic waters, generally at high temperatures ranging from 20° to 29°C except in the southern Atlantic gyrals, and high surface salinities (over 35 ppt).
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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