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Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
محيط زيست / آب و هوا _ اقليم / Range
بوم شناسي
; دريايي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 600 m (Ref. 168). Subtropical; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 168), preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 59°N - 46°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans including the Mediterranean Sea but not at the surface between 10°N and 10°S. Western Pacific: range extend in a broad band between 40°N and 40°S (Ref. 9684). Often confused with juvenile Thunnus obesus which also have very long pectorals but with rounded tips. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Ref. 26139).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 85.0, range 85 - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3669); common length : 100.0 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9684); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 60.3 kg (Ref. 40637); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 9 سال ها (Ref. 72462)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 11 - 14; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 12-16; خارهاي باله مخرجي 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 11 - 16. Anterior spines much higher than posterior spines giving the fin a strongly concave outline. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body with very small scales. Pectoral fins remarkably long, about 30% of fork length or longer in 50 cm or longer fish. Ventral surface of liver striated and the central lobe is largest.
An epipelagic and mesopelagic, oceanic species, abundant in surface waters of 15.6° to 19.4°C; deeper swimming, large albacore are found in waters of 13.5° to 25.2°C; temperatures as low as 9.5°C may be tolerated for short periods (Ref. 168). Known to concentrate along thermal discontinuities (Ref. 168). Form mixed schools with skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bluefin tuna (T. maccoyii), schools may be associated with floating objects, including sargassum weeds (Ref. 168). Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Sexual maturity reached at 90 cm (Ref. 36731). Highly appreciated and marketed fresh, smoked, deep frozen or canned. Eaten steamed, broiled, fried and microwaved (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 1762, 1798, 1804.
Angling: Largely caught offshore, where the waters are mild and blue. Albacore favor those areas where cooler water interfaces with warmer water. They are caught with live of dead baitfish such as mullet, sauries, squid, herring, anchovies, sardines, and other small fish. Albacore strike hard and make powerful runs (Ref. 84357).
The sex ratio in catches is about 1:1 for immature individuals, but males predominate among mature fishes, which is possibly due to both differential mortality of sexes and differential growth rate after maturity.
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.01309 - 0.02203), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
69278): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.13-0.18; tm=4-6; tmax=10; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.46, 2 SD range = 0.26 - 0.80, log(r) = -0.78, SD log(r) = 0.28, Based on: 4 M, 35 K, 6 tgen, 3 tmax, 8 Fec records
آسيب پذيری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100) .
