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Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - 100 m (Ref. 6949), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 42°N - 35°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55300)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas and Tuamoto islands. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Nigeria, Senegal (Ref. 6949), Mauritania (Ref. 5377), St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 66.0, range 58 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 140 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3692); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 50.0 kg (Ref. 6949)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 6; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 9; شوكة شرجية 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10. Distinguished by the double emarginate tail fin with pale tips on each lobe, and (usually) the presence of a few scattered black blotches on the lower sides (Ref. 1602). Top of head between eyes flat or concave; mouth large (Ref. 26938).
Found predominantly at or near the surface (Ref. 6949, 48637). Juvenile occurs among mangroves, estuaries and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adult occurs in a wide range of habitats from murky inner harbors to open seas. Diurnal and solitary, but can also be found in small aggregations. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and sometimes on shrimps (Ref. 9626, 48637). Sold fresh. Utilized also dried or salted (Ref. 9987). Although this species is ciguatoxic elsewhere throughout its range, it has not been reported to be poisonous in the eastern Atlantic (Ref. 6949, 48637). Rarely attacks humans, usually with one quick, fierce strike, which, although serious, is rarely fatal. The world's record on hook and line is a 5.5-ft. fish taken in the Bahamas that weighed 103 lbs. (Ref. 13442).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Daget, J., 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 350-351. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4339)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
خطر للأنسان
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم; حوض مائي: احواض مائية عامة
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