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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) > Epinephelinae
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 90 - 360 m (Ref. 89707). Subtropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 36°N - 28°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to southern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 58 - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5222); common length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 18.6 kg (Ref. 40637); العمر: 35 سنين (Ref. 36872)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 13-15; شوكة شرجية 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: buff or greyish brown head and body, whitish ventrally; yellow margins of dorsal and pectoral fins, sometimes including anal and caudal fins; pale blue line from the eye to the angle of preopercle; depth of body less than head length, contained 2.7-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, serrae at the angle distinctly enlarged; eye diameter equal to or greater than interorbital width in fish less than 45 cm SL; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal in size (Ref. 89707).
A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in rocky areas and on sand mud bottom. On soft bottoms they are often seen in or near trenches or burrow-like excavations. Feeds on a wide variety of invertebrates (mainly brachyuran crabs) and fishes. Marketed fresh and considered good quality.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.00953 - 0.03167), b=3.06 (2.91 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; Based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
69278): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.10; tmax=35).
عرضة للخطر (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100) .
