شعاعيات الزعانف >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335). More on author: Linnaeus.
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري; مياه مخلوطة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 54254), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54254). Temperate, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 25°N, 77°W - 42°E
North Atlantic: including the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 28.7, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 168); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 3.4 kg (Ref. 9988); العمر: 17 سنين (Ref. 207)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 8 - 14; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 113; شوكة شرجية 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 12 - 13; فقرات: 31. This species has the following characters: no well developed corselet; interpelvic process small and single; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin; no swim bladder; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21-28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin; markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked (Ref. 168).
Abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas, forms large schools near the surface. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Mainly diurnal, it feeds on zooplankton and small fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Two stocks in north-east Atlantic: North Sea (east) and British Isles (west). North Sea stock decreased dramatically in the 1960's because of direct overfishing. Recruitment has been poor and unstable. After spawning, the adult feed very actively moving around in small shoals (Ref. 35388).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
Download XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00540 - 0.00673), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
69278): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (rm=0.33-0.56; K=0.23-0.27; tm=2-3; tmax=17; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.48, 2 SD range = 0.23 - 1.00, log(r) = -0.73, SD log(r) = 0.37, Based on: 1 M, 16 K, 13 tgen, 1 tmax, 25 Fec records
عرضة للخطر (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .
