окружающая среда / климат / Range
экология
; морской; солоноватоводный; пределы глубины 1 - 70 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical, preferred 23°C (Ref. 107945); 44°N - 36°S, 98°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA perhaps occasionally straying north to Maine or even Nova Scotia (Canada), south to Fort Pierce, Florida (but not Florida Keys) and at least northern Gulf of Mexico; also from Gulf of Venezuela south to Uruguay. Replaced by Anchoa colonensis in the West Indies.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.3 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 37032); common length : 11.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5217)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 14-17; колючие лучи анального плавника 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 20 - 24. Snout pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tips pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin origin below about midpoint of dorsal fin base. Anus nearer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin tips. Silver stripe along flank (a dark line above) of uniform width, narrowed immediately behind band (Ref. 189). Back greenish, some yellowish on head. Melanophores outline all dorsal scales (Ref. 7251).
Forms dense schools, often in shallow waters close to shore. Able to tolerate a wide range of salinities, from hypersaline to almost fresh. Feeds on copepods when young, then on gastropods, foraminifers and an occasional ostracods and annelid. Breeding was recorded in April through to July at Beaufort, North Carolina. Breeds in harbors, estuaries and sounds. Eggs are elliptical, transparent, without oil globule, the yolk appearing `cellular' (Ref. 189). Great variation. Principal parasites are nematodes and cestodes (Scolex polymorphus and Rhynchobothrium sp.) and trematodes (Distomum appendiculatum and Distomum sp). Marketed as food (Ref. 37032).
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; наживка: usually
дополнительная информация
ссылкиаквакультура (рыбоводство)особенности рыбоводствастепень растяжениягенетикачастоты аллелейнаследуемостьболезниобработкаMass conversion
соавторыизображенияStamps, CoinsзвукиCiguateraскоростьтип плаванияжаберная областьOtolithsмозгзрение
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
Скачать в формате XML
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00404 - 0.00682), b=3.17 (3.13 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
69278): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (tm=1; Fec=5700).
Уязвимость (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100) .
