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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Gymnosarda: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, sarde = sardine; 1598 (Ref. 45335).
Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut berasosiasi dengan karang; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 250 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 5313), preferred 28°C (Ref. 107945); 31°N - 30°S, 32°E - 130°W (Ref. 168)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to Japan, south to Australia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 248 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); common length : 190 cm NG jantan/; (Ref. 9710); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 131.0 kg (Ref. 168)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 13 - 15; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 12-14; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 12 - 13; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 38. Mouth fairly large, upper jaw reaching to middle of eye. Laminae of olfactory rosette 48 to 56. Interpelvic process large and single. Lateral line strongly undulating. Body naked posterior to corselet. Swim bladder large, spleen visible in ventral view on the right side of the body. The back and upper sides brilliant blue-black, lower sides and belly silvery; no lines, spots or other markings on the body.
An offshore species found mainly around coral reefs. Generally solitary or occur in small schools of six or less. Preys on small schooling fishes such as Decapterus, Caesio, Nasio, Cirrhilabrus, Pterocaesio and squids. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684, 48637). Adults may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 168)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaFrekuensi alelDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanMass conversion
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00541 - 0.01847), b=3.05 (2.90 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.75 se; Based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
69278): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Assuming tmax>10).
keancaman (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100) .
