Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Gilbert.
Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 392 - 730 m (Ref. 58302). Deep-water, preferred ?
Indo-Pacific: off Delagoa Bay (Mozambique), Maldives (Ref. 26165), Japan, Philippines (Ref. 9494), and Hawaii.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4418)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 107-121;
Anal
spines: 0;
Anal
soft rays: 95 - 108;
Vertebrae: 59 - 65. With 110-125 scales in a longitudinal series; whitish or yellowish blind side which is distinctly lighter than the ocular surface (Ref. 35979). Upper side brown, with faint horizontal dark lines following scale rows; abdomen black; fins dusky (Ref. 4418).
Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 5213).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Cynoglossidae. p. 865-868. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4418)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00574 - 0.02638), b=3.05 (2.86 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tmax>3).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100) .