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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes) > Rhinobatinae

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 73 m (Ref. 3919). Subtropical, preferred ?; 17°S - 36°S, 10°E - 34°E (Ref. 114953)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: Namibia to central Natal, South Africa. Record from Madagascar is uncertain (Ref. 3919).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3919)

Found from the surf line to about 70 m depth (Ref. 5578); also enters estuaries (Ref. 27121). Feeds on crustaceans, bivalves, polychaete worms and small bony fishes (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature at ca. 59 cm TL, females at 62-65 cm TL; born at ca. 23 cm TL. Produces litters of 2-10 pups (Ref. 114953). Taken by surf anglers (Ref. 3919). Flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 3919).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). 2-10 young born in the summer (Ref. 5578).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Rhinobatidae. p. 128-131. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3919)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00234 (0.00131 - 0.00420), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.48 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=2).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Acroteriobatus annulatus (Müller & Henle, 1841)