Family Nettastomatidae - Duckbill eels
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 6 | Species : 42 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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lower
Tertiary
middle
Eocene |
Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific. Tropical and warm temperate. Elongated and narrow head and snout. Mouth large. Tail sharply tapering. Adults usually without pectoral fin (present only in Hoplunnis). Vertebrae usually 190-280. Maximum length about 100 cm. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, netta, nessa = duck + Greek, stoma = mouth ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Elopocephalai | Elopocephala | Elopomorpha | Anguilliformes | Nettastomatidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Nettastoma melanorum Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Nettastoma melanura Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Mettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Muraenophis saga Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Muraena saga (Risso, 1810) | synonym | junior | new | |
Murenophis saga Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | |
Nettastoma saga (Risso, 1810) | synonym | junior | new | |
Hyoprorus messanensis Kölliker, 1853 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Hyoprorus messinensis Kölliker, 1853 | synonym | junior | original | |
Leptocephalus longirostris Kaup, 1856 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma mendax Facciolà, 1893 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Osorina guentheri (Osorio, 1909) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Muraenosaurus güntheri Osorio, 1909 | synonym | junior | original | |
Muraenosaurus guentheri Osório, 1909 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Leptocephalus urosema Lea, 1913 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma parviceps Günther, 1877 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Metopomycter parviceps (Günther, 1877) | synonym | senior | new | |
Metopomycter denticulatus Gilbert, 1905 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma denticulatus (Gilbert, 1905) | synonym | junior | new | |
Nettastoma solitarium Castle & Smith, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma syntresis Smith & Böhlke, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma falcinaris Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup, 1859 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Hoplunnis schmidtii Kaup, 1859 | synonym | senior | original | |
Hoplunnis diomediana Goode & Bean, 1896 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Hoplunnis diomedianus Goode & Bean, 1896 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Hoplunnis sicarius (Garman, 1899) | accepted | senior | new | |
Atopichthys sicarius Garman, 1899 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplunnis punctata Regan, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Hoplunnis punctatus Regan, 1915 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Hoplunis schmidti (non Kaup, 1860) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Hoplunnis diomediana (non Goode & Bean, 1896) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Facciolella physonema (non Facciolà, 1914) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Hoplunnis macrurus Ginsburg, 1951 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg, 1951 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplunnis pacifica Lane & Stewart, 1968 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplunnis megista Smith & Kanazawa, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hoplunnis similis Smith, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettastoma elongatum Kotthaus, 1968 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys fierasfer (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chlopsis fierasfer Jordan & Snyder, 1901 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys stylura (Lea, 1913) | accepted | senior | new | |
Leptocephalus stylurus Lea, 1913 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys stylurus (Lea, 1913) | synonym | senior | new | |
Saurenchelys lateromaculatus (D'Ancona, 1928) | accepted | senior | new | |
Leptocephalus lateromaculatus D'Ancona, 1928 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys finitimus (Whitley, 1935) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chlopsis finitimus Whitley, 1935 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys cognita Smith, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys meteori Klausewitz & Zajonz, 2000 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Saurenchelys taiwanensis Karmovskaya, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Venefica procera (Goode & Bean, 1883) | accepted | senior | new | |
Nettastoma procerum Goode & Bean, 1883 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888) | accepted | senior | new | |
Nettastoma proboscideum Vaillant, 1888 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Venefica ocella Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Venefica tentaculata Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Venefica multiporosa Karrer, 1983 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys taylori Alcock, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys exoria Böhlke & Smith, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Nettenchelys exorius Böhlke & Smith, 1981 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nettenchelys gephyra Castle & Smith, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys inion Smith & Böhlke, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys pygmaea Smith & Böhlke, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Nettenchelys pygmaeus Smith & Böhlke, 1981 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nettenchelys dionisi Brito, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys erroriensis Karmovskaya, 1994 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nettenchelys paxtoni Karmovskaya, 1999 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Bellotti, 1883) | accepted | senior | new | |
Leptocephalus oxyrhynchus Bellotti, 1883 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Faccionella oxyrhyncha (Bellotti, 1883) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nettastomella physonima Facciolà, 1914 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Facciolella physonema (Facciolà, 1914) | synonym | junior | new | |
Facciolella physonima (Facciolà, 1914) | synonym | junior | new | |
Nettastoma melanurum (non Rafinesque, 1810) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Saurenchelys cancrivora (non Peters, 1864) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chlopsis equatorialis Gilbert, 1891 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Facciolella gilbertii (Garman, 1899) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chlopsis gilbertii Garman, 1899 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Facciolella gilberti (Garman, 1899) | synonym | senior | new | |
Facciolella saurencheloides (D'Ancona, 1928) | accepted | senior | new | |
Leptocephalus saurencheloides D'Ancona, 1928 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Facciolella castlei Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Facciolella karreri Klausewitz, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Leptocephalus bellottii D'Ancona, 1928 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Leptocephalus bellotii D'Ancona, 1928 | synonym | senior | original |