Family Ginglymostomatidae - Nurse sharks
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Order |
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Class |
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Elasmobranchii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 3 | Species : 4 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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upper
Jurassic
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Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Marine, all oceans. Small to large sharks with nasoral grooves, short to long barbels, small spiracles behind eyes. Two spineless fins and an anal fin, the second dorsal origin well ahead of the anal origin. A short precaudal tail, much shorter than the head and the body. These are common, small to large, nocturnal, inshore bottom sharks with a circumglobal distribution in subtropical and tropical waters, in depths from the intertidal down to at least 70 m. These sharks cruise and clamber on the bottom with their mouths and barbels close to the substrate while searching for food. They use their short, small mouths and large mouth cavities as a bellows to suck in their prey. Food items: bony fish, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, squids, octopuses, corals, sea urchins, sea squirts. Young born fully developed. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, gynglimos = hinge + Greek, stoma = mouth. 1657 ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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bearers |
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Typical activity level |
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sluggish |
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Coordinator |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | accepted | senior | new | |
Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre, 1788 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Ginglimostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Gyglinostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | synonym | senior | new | |
Squalus punctulatus Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Squalus punctatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Squalus argus Bancroft, 1832 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Ginglymostoma fulvum Poey, 1861 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma caboverdianus de Brito Capello, 1867 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma unami Del Moral-Flores, Ramíz-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma cirratum (non Bonnaterre, 1788) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) | accepted | senior | new | |
Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson, 1831 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma ferruginea (Lesson, 1831) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ginglymostoma ferrugineum (Lesson, 1831) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nebrius concolor Rüppell, 1837 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma concolor (Rüppell, 1837) | synonym | junior | new | |
Ginglymostoma rueppellii Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma muelleri Günther, 1870 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Scymnus porosus Ehrenberg, 1871 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nebrodes macrurus Garman, 1913 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nebrius macrurus (Garman, 1913) | synonym | junior | new | |
Nebrodes concolor ogilbyi Whitley, 1934 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nebrius doldi Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther, 1867) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum Günther, 1867 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ginglymostoma cirratum (non Bonnaterre, 1788) | misapplied | misapplied | new |