Family Kyphosidae - Sea chubs
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 14 | Species : 54 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific. Dorsal fin 9-16 spines, 11-28 soft rays. Vertebrae 24-28 (in Graus 34). Subfamilies Girellinae and Kyphosinae (except Graus) are herbivorous, feeding mainly on algae; the rest are carnivorous, feeding on benthic invertebrates. Congregate in great numbers for pelagic spawning. Usually found near shore. Foodfish in some areas, trashfish in others. That this family is monophyletic has yet to be established. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, kyphos = hump ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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normal |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Terapontiformes | Kyphosidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Kyphosinae | ||||
Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, 1801 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
! Kyphosus biggibus Lacepède, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
Xyster fuscus Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus fuscus (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pimelepterus fuscus (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Pimelopterus fuscus (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Dorsuarius nigrescens Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus fallax Klunzinger, 1884 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus indicus (non Cuvier, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Perca saltatrix Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Perca sectatrix Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | other | original | |
! Kyphosus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Kyphosus sectator (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Perca sactatrix Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | other | original | |
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | accepted | senior | new | |
Sciaena cinerascens Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Khyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sciaena tahmel Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus tahmel (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pimelepterus tahmel (Forsskål, 1775) | synonym | junior | new | |
Cantharus maculatus Valenciennes, 1830 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus indicus Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus indicus (Cuvier, 1831) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pimelepterus altipinnis Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus dussumieri Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus raynaldi Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus altipinnoides Guichenot, 1863 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pachymetopon squamosum Alleyne & Macleay, 1877 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Scorpis vinosa Alleyne & Macleay, 1877 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus lembus (non Cuvier, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kyphosus bosquii (Lacepède, 1802) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus bosquii Lacepède, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
! Pimelepterus boscii Lacepède, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | |
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus vaigiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Khyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Kyphosus vaigensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pimelepterus waigiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | synonym | senior | original | |
Cantharus lineolatus Valenciennes, 1830 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus marciac Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus lembus Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus lembus (Cuvier, 1831) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pimelepterus ternatensis Bleeker, 1853 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus flavolineatus Poey, 1866 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus gibsoni Ogilby, 1912 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Segutilum gibsoni (Ogilby, 1912) | synonym | junior | new | |
Kyphosus bleekeri Fowler, 1933 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pimelepterus fuscus (non Cuvier, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier, 1831) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus incisor Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus analogus (Gill, 1862) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus analogus Gill, 1862 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Kyphosus elegans (Peters, 1869) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus elegans Peters, 1869 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus sandwicensis Sauvage, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Kyphosus pacificus (non Sakai & Nakabo, 2004) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kyphosus lutescens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus lutescens Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Kyphosus ocyurus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus ocyurus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Chloroscombrus ocyurus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sectator ocyurus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) | synonym | senior | new | |
Sectator azureus Jordan & Evermann, 1903 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sydneyanus (Günther, 1886) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus sydneyanus Günther, 1886 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Kyphosis sydneyanus (Günther, 1886) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus meridionalis Ogilby, 1887 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cridorsa moonta Whitley, 1938 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus diemenensis Scott, 1971 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus indicus (non Cuvier, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Pimelepterus indicus (non Cuvier, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Kyphosus azureus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hermosilla azurea Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hermosilla robusta Osburn & Nichols, 1916 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus cornelii (Whitley, 1944) | accepted | senior | new | |
Segutilum cornelii Whitley, 1944 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus hawaiiensis Sakai & Nakabo, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sandwicensis (non Sauvage, 1880) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kyphosus pacificus Sakai & Nakabo, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Kyphosus bigibbus (non Lacepède, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Kyphosus fuscus (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Pimelepterus fuscus (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kyphosus elegans (non Peters, 1869) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Kyphosus gladius Knudsen & Clements, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Segutilum klunzingeri Whitley, 1931 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Kyphosus sydneyanus (non McCulloch, 1920) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Kyphosus atlanticus Sakai & Nakabo, 2014 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girellinae | ||||
Girella punctata Gray, 1835 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Crenidens melanichthys Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Girella melanichthys (Richardson, 1846) | synonym | junior | new | |
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | accepted | senior | new | |
Boops tricuspidatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Girella freminvillii (Valenciennes, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Doidixodon freminvillii Valenciennes, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Girella freminvillei (Valenciennes, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella laevifrons (Tschudi, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pimelepterus laevifrons Tschudi, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Doydixodon laevifrons (Tschudi, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella leonina (Richardson, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Crenidens leoninus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Girella melanichthys (non Richardson, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Girella tephraeops (Richardson, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Crenidens tephraeops Richardson, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Tephraeops tephraeops (Richardson, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella zebra (Richardson, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Crenidens zebra Richardson, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Girellichthys zebra (Richardson, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Melambaphes zebra (Richardson, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella zonata Günther, 1859 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860) | accepted | senior | new | |
Camarina nigricans Ayres, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Girella stuebeli Troschel, 1866 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Girella stubeli Troschel, 1866 | synonym | senior | original | |
Girella cyanea Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella elevata Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella albostriata Steindachner, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella mezina Jordan & Starks, 1907 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella nebulosa Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girellops nebulosus (Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella simplicidens Osburn & Nichols, 1916 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Girella fimbriata (McCulloch, 1920) | accepted | senior | new | |
Girellops fimbriatus McCulloch, 1920 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Girella fimbriatus (McCulloch, 1920) | synonym | senior | new | |
Girella feliciana Clark, 1938 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Graus nigra Philippi, 1887 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Microcanthinae | ||||
Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chaetodon strigatus Cuvier, 1831 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Micrognathus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Atypichthys strigatus (Günther, 1860) | accepted | senior | new | |
Atypus strigatus Günther, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Atypichthys latus McCulloch & Waite, 1916 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Tilodon sexfasciatus (Richardson, 1842) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chaetodon sexfasciatus Richardson, 1842 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Vinculum sexfasciatum (Richardson, 1842) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tilodon sexfasciatum (Richardson, 1842) | synonym | senior | new | |
Neatypus obliquus Waite, 1905 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Scorpidinae | ||||
Scorpis georgiana Valenciennes, 1832 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Scorpis georgianus Valenciennes, 1832 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Scorpis aequipinnis Richardson, 1848 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Scorpis chilensis Guichenot, 1848 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Scorpis lineolata Kner, 1865 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Scorpis lineolatus Kner, 1865 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Scorpis violacea (Hutton, 1873) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ditrema violacea Hutton, 1873 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Scorpis violaceus (Hutton, 1873) | synonym | senior | new | |
Labracoglossa argenteiventris Peters, 1866 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Labracoglossa argentiventris Peters, 1866 | synonym | senior | original | |
Labracoglossa nitida McCulloch & Waite, 1916 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Labracoglossus nitida McCulloch & Waite, 1916 | synonym | senior | original | |
Bathystethus cultratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cichla cultrata Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Sciaena cultrata Forster, 1801 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Platystethus guentheri Ogilby, 1889 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Bathystethus orientale Regan, 1913 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Medialuna californiensis (Steindachner, 1876) | accepted | senior | new | |
Scorpis californiensis Steindachner, 1876 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Medialuna ancietae Chirichigno F., 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neoscorpis lithophilus (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Scorpis lithophilus Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |