| Main Ref. | Lin, H.-C. and G.R. Galland, 2010 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | Males' shape of genital papilla is pointed and simple (vs. broader and fimbriate in females). Orbital diameter consistently fits fewer times into snout length of females than males (P<0.0001, unpaired t-test), and orbital diameter fits fewer times in head length in females than in males (P<0.0001). Females seem more slender, with body depth fitting in standard length more times than in males (P<0.001). No noticeable differences in head pore pattern and count or in meristics and body shape also differ slightly (Ref. 84469). |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from its congeners in the Pacific, excluding its closest relatives, A. macrospilus and A. mangognatha, by having a single row of large brown blotches along its lateral midline and head spines that are pointed (vs. club-like or ridge-like). It differs from the 2 latter species by having a dark swath of melanophores on the dorsal fin in both males and females that highlights the bright orange coloration on that fin; presence of scattered melanophores reaching the tip of the lower jaw; and expression of orange as the primary bright head color. This species is further distinguishable from A. macrospilus by the 71 fixed mutations in COI and 20 fixed mutations in the D-loop region of its mitochondrial genome (Ref, 84469). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 11 - 12 |
| total | 42 - 44 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 23 - 25 |
| Soft-rays total | 12 - 14 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 2 - 2 |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 13 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 3 - 3 |