country information

Common names: Papalina
Occurrence:
Salinity:
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
National Database:

Classification / Names

ऐकटीनोप्टीरेजी (रेज़-फिन्नढ मछलियाँ) > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens) > Clupeinae
आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Шпрот европейский, Sprat, Espadín, ... more

Main reference

Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. (Ref. 188)
संदर्भ | Biblio | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

आकार / वज़न / Age

Max length : 16.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 188); common length : 12.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 188); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 6 वर्षो (Ref. 3561)

Length at first maturity
L_m 10.6, range 8 - 12 cm

पर्यावरण

; समुद्री; खारा; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6302)

जलवायु / सीमा

Temperate, preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 66°N - 30°N, 11°W - 42°E

वितरण

Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea.
देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | भूमिका

Short description

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 13-21; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 12 - 23. Lower jaw slightly projecting, gill cover without any bony radiating striae, teeth rarely present on vomer; belly with a strong keel of scutes; last two anal fin rays not enlarged. No dark spots on flanks. Pterotic bulla absent.

Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9900). Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388). Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Sold as 'brislings' to canneries. Sprat are used in the production of fish meal and as mink food, less for human consumption (Ref. 9900). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually

अधिक जानकारी

देश
ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
संयोग
भूमिका
Stocks
पारिस्थितिकी
आहार
खाद्य पदार्थ
आहार खपत
खोराक

आम नाम
उपशब्द
चपायचय
परभक्षी
ईकोटोकसीकोलौजी
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Fecundity
अंडे
Egg development

Age/Size
बाढ़
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
मौरफोमैटरिक्स
आकृति विज्ञान
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
भर्ती
बहुतायत

संदर्भ
जलीयकृषि
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखा
खींच
आनुवंशिकी
ऐल्लि आवृतियाँ
हैरेटिबिलटी
बीमारी
प्रक्रमण
Mass conversion

सहयोगीयो
तस्वीरे
Stamps, Coins
ध्वनि
सिगुयटिरा
रफ्तार
तैरने के प्रकार
गिल क्षेत्र
Otoliths
दिमाग
दृष्टि

साधन

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | आम नाम | Photos

इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5312 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.0 ±0.07 se; Based on food items.

लौटाव (Ref. 69278)
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (rm=1.7; K=0.14-0.77; tm=1-2; tmax=6; Fec=2,000 (batch fec))

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low vulnerability (25 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low

Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)