United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Dogfish shark, Ground shark, Sand shark
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Musick, J.A., M.M. Harbin, S.A. Berkeley, G.H. Burgess, A.M. Eklund, L. Findley, R.G. Gilmore, J.T. Golden, D.S. Ha, G.R. Huntsman, J.C. McGovern, S.J. Parker, S.G. Poss, E. Sala, T.W. Schmidt, G.R. Sedberry, H. Weeks and S.G. Wright, 2000
Uses: no uses
Comments: Official status: Candidate list, US; protected by Fisheries Management Plan (FMP). Vulnerable, western Atlantic populations declined by ~90% from overfishing from early 1980s to mid 1990s; populations may be stabilized under FMP but recovery not yet apparent (Ref. 247).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database:

Classification / Names

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Odontaspididae (Sand tigers)
Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

锥齿鲨, قِرش ثَور, Requin taureau, ... more

Référence principale

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens. 1994. (Ref. 6871)
Références | Biblio | Coordinateur : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Collaborateurs

Taille / Poids / Âge

Max length : 330 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 27549); common length : 250 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 6077); poids max. publié: 158.8 kg (Ref. 40637)

Length at first maturity
L_m ?, range 220 - 230 cm

Environnement

; marin récifal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 1 - 191 m (Ref. 247), usually 15 - 25 m (Ref. 43278)

Climat / Gamme

Subtropical, preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 45°N - 48°S, 100°W - 155°E

Distribution

Circumtropical: Except perhaps the eastern Pacific (Ref. 13568). Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and off the coasts of South Africa to Japan, Korea and Australia (Ref. 13568). Present in Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to Argentina. Old record from Bermuda, south Brazil (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean to Cameroon. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Introductions

Description synthétique

Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 0; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 0. A shark with a short, pointed snout, small eyes, protruding spike-like teeth and small, equal-sized dorsal and anal fins; 1st dorsal fin closer to pelvic than to pectoral fins (Ref. 5578). Caudal fin with a pronounced subterminal notch and a short ventral lobe (Ref. 13575). Pale brown or grey, paler below, with dark spots that appear faded in adults; fins plain (Ref. 6586).

A common littoral shark found inshore from the surf zone and in shallow bays to at least 191 m on the outer continental shelves (Ref. 13568). Often on or near the bottom but also occurs in midwater or at the surface (Ref. 247). Only shark known to gulp and store air in its stomach to maintain neutral buoyancy while swimming (Ref. 13568). Found singly or in small to large schools (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fishes, small sharks, rays, squids, crabs, and lobsters (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother as well as other siblings in the womb (uterine cannibalism) (Ref. 50449). Usually gives birth to 2 pups after a 9-12 months gestation period (Ref.58048). A migratory species in parts of its range, particularly in its northern and southern extremities where pronounced poleward migration occur in the summer and equatorial movements in autumn and winter (Ref. 247). Usually inoffensive and not aggressive when not provoked (Ref. 247) but has known to bite swimmers and be aggressive towards divers with speared fish (Ref. 6586). Utilized for fresh, frozen, smoked and dried for human consumption (Ref. 247); also for fishmeal, liver oil, fins, and hides for leather (Ref. 13568). Flesh highly appreciated in Japan (Ref. 36731).

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 115185)

Vulnérable, voir Liste Rouge IUCN (VU) (A2ab+3d)

Menace pour l'homme

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui

Plus d'informations

Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Écologie
Régime alimentaire
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Ration

Noms communs
Synonymes
Métabolisme
Prédateurs
Écotoxicologie
Reproduction
Maturité
Frai
Fécondité
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf

Taille/Âge
Croissance
Longueur-poids
Longueur-longueur
Fréquences de longueurs
Morphométrie
Morphologie
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Recrutement
Abondance

Références
Aquaculture
Profil d'aquaculture
Souches
Génétique
Fréquences alléliques
Héritabilité
Pathologies
Traitement
Mass conversion

Collaborateurs
Images
Stamps, Coins
Sons
Ciguatera
Vitesse
Type de nage
Surface branchiale
Otolithes
Cerveaux
Vision

Outils

Articles particuliers

Maintenance en aquarium | Articles sur l'espèce | Rapports d'aquaculture

Télécharger en XML

Page de résumé | Coordonnées géographiques | Noms communs | Photos

Sources Internet

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.8125 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278)
4.5 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.

Résilience (Ref. 69278)
Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec=2; K=0.14-0.17; tmax=17)

Vulnérabilité (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (58 of 100)

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766)
Unknown

Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810