United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Croaker, White croaker
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: of no interest | Ref: Hart, J.L., 1973
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Sometimes used as bait in California (Ref. 6885). Also in Ref. 51256.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Courbine blanche, Roncador blanco, Kingfish, ... more

Main reference

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann. 1983. (Ref. 2850)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56049)

Length at first maturity
L_m ?, range 13 - 15 cm

Environment

Marine; benthopelagic; depth range ? - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850)

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred 13°C (Ref. 107945); 49°N - 24°N, 129°W - 111°W

Distribution

Eastern Pacific: Canada (Barkley Sound in British Columbia) to Mexico (southern Baja California; rare north of California, USA.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21-24; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 11 - 12; Vertebrae: 25. Pelvic fins with fleshy appendage at base, first ray with free thread-like tip.

Found over sandy bottoms (Ref. 9118). Feed on polychaetes, small shrimps, crabs and mollusks (Ref. 9118). Oviparous, multiple pelagic spawner (Ref. 51256).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Near Threatened (NT)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 1.0000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.4 ±0.49 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=1; tmax = 15; Min batch fecundity = 800)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low vulnerability (23 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low

Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)