Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 48.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217); max. published weight: 2.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Environment
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 53 m (Ref. 9710)
Climate / Range
Subtropical, preferred ?; 46°N - 45°S, 98°W - 33°W
Distribution
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to Florida, USA (possibly from Nova Scotia, Canada), along coasts of central and south America (Ref. 26938) to Uruguay, including Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Rare in Greater Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 0.5039 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
4.3 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100)
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