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Sprattus sprattus  (Linnaeus, 1758)

European sprat
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Image of Sprattus sprattus (European sprat)
Sprattus sprattus
Picture by Svensen, R.

Isle of Man country information

Common names: Sprat
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: 0-group fish appear irregularly in bays; adults frequently found in gadoid stomachs, and occasionally caught in nets. Eggs, Apr.-Aug. (Ref. 9488).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/im.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database:

Classificação / Names

Actinopterygii (peixes com raios nas barbatanas) > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens) > Clupeinae
Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Шпрот европейский, Sprat, Espadín, ... more

Referência principal

Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. (Ref. 188)
 Referências | Bibliografia | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Max length : 16.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); common length : 12.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); Idade máx. registada: 6 anos (Ref. 3561)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 10.6, range 8 - 12 cm

Ambiente

; marinhas; estuarina; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6302)

Clima / Intervalo

Temperate, preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 66°N - 30°N, 11°W - 42°E

Distribuição

Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea.
 Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Introduções

Descrição breve

Espinhos dorsais (total): 0; Raios dorsais moles (total): 13-21; Espinhos anais 0; Raios anais moles: 12 - 23. Lower jaw slightly projecting, gill cover without any bony radiating striae, teeth rarely present on vomer; belly with a strong keel of scutes; last two anal fin rays not enlarged. No dark spots on flanks. Pterotic bulla absent.

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9900). Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388). Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Sold as 'brislings' to canneries. Sprat are used in the production of fish meal and as mink food, less for human consumption (Ref. 9900). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 115185)

  Não avaliado 

Ameaça para o homem

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)



Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial; isco: usually

Ferramentas

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guia de campo | Chaves de identificação | Ferramenta auxiliar de frequências de comprimento | Ferramenta sobre a história de vida | Mapa dos pontos | Classification Tree

Relatórios especiais

Consultar manutenção em aquários | Consultar ficha de espécies | Consultar fichas de aquacultura

Descarregue XML

Página de resumo | Dado pontual | Nomes comuns | Fotografias

Fontes da internet

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | Consultar outros websites | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | GenBank(genoma, nucleotídeo) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | Bases de dados nacionais | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Árvore da vida | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(ir para, procurar) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.5312 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278)
 3.0   ±0.07 se; Based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 69278)
 Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (rm=1.7; K=0.14-0.77; tm=1-2; tmax=6; Fec=2,000 (batch fec))

Vulnerabilidade (Ref. 59153)
 Low vulnerability (25 of 100)
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766)
 Low