Turkey country information

Common names: Eskina, Eskine baligi, Iskine
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Known from the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and its watersheds, Mediterranean Sea, European Black Sea watersheds, European Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds and Asi Nehri/Orontes watershed (Ref. 58342). Found in central coast of Black Sea (Sinop and Samsun vicinity) (Ref. 88083). Threatened by commercial fishing and eutrophication/pollution. Collection of this species is forbidden (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 4780, 57855. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 58342).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
National Database: CLOMFOT

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Corb commun, Corvallo, Corb du Cameroun, ... more

Main reference

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas. 1990. (Ref. 3593)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); common length : 28.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. reported age: 21 years (Ref. 9505)

Length at first maturity
L_m 25.0 range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9505)

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred 18°C (Ref. 107945); 53°N - 13°N, 19°W - 42°E

Distribution

Eastern Atlantic: English Channel to Mauritania, occasionally southwards to Senegal. Also throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Records from Ghana (Ref. 6810) and Gabon (Ref. 5516) are questionable.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23-25; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8

Occurs in shallow coastal waters mainly on rocky and sandy bottoms, often entering estuaries and more active at night. Also inhabits caves and reefs (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 4780). SCUBA diving observations suggest this to be a very calm fish with remarkable buoyancy control and an ability to move without much apparent effort (Ref. 9505). Marketed fresh and frozen; in Turkey, otoliths are ground to a powder and used as remedy for urinary tract infections (Ref. 9987).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Near Threatened (NT)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5625 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.8 ±0.5 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.19; tm=3; tmax=21)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (64 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high

Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758