Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 110 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); common length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450); max. published weight: 19.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Environment
Marine; brackish; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 70 m (Ref. 86942), usually 0 - 70 m (Ref. 55224)
Climate / Range
Subtropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 45°N - 53°S, 98°W - 154°W (Ref. 55224)
Distribution
Tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans. Western Atlantic: New England and Bermuda southward to Argentina (Ref. 114270); and Falkland Islands (Ref. 114522). Eastern Atlantic: presumably along the coast from the Straits of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Guinea, including Madeira, although reliable records still lacking from Angola, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands; and Mediterranean (Ref. 114272). Indo-Pacific: East Africa through all countries of Southeast Asia north to Taiwan Province of China and southern Japan, northern Australia to southern Queensland, New Guinea to New Britain, and south to Fiji. Reported as rare visitors in Ponape, Hawaii, and Tahiti (Ref. 47694). Records from eastern central to southeastern Pacific need further confirmation and may refer to Lobotes pacificus.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11 - 12;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 15-16;
Anal
spines: 3;
Anal
soft rays: 11 - 12. Adults dark brown or greenish yellow above, silvery grey below; pectorals pale yellow, other fins darker than body; caudal fin with yellow margin (Ref. 4386). Rounded caudal fin that appear as single 3-lobed fin (Ref. 26938).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Tools
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 1.0000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
4.0 ±0.5 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tm=1; tmax=3)
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100)
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