Philippines country information

Common names: Aluan, Aluan, Amanu
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Status to be confirmed. Recorded as introduced (Ref. 6565). Known from Lagu Lagu creek and Layog River at Balinsasayao, Leyte in 1993 (Ref. 7223); Laguna de Bay (Ref. 80824); Lake Mainit (Ref. 4867, 50320, 13446, 81829); Lake Lanao, Lanao del Sur (Ref. 13446, 95183); Lake Sebu in Cotabato; Lake Balinsasayao in Negros Oriental, near Dumaguete (Ref. 2854); Lake Buluan (Ref. 13492); Naujan lake (Ref. 13446); Manguao Lake in a study in 2003, common in the littoral zone where the aquatic macrophytes are, they are carnivorous, scavengers and nocturnal (Ref. 50862); and Kalinawan River (Ref. 81829). Recorded from Candaba Swamp and Pampanga River (Ref. 109918). Fairly common in Lake Bombon (=Taal) (Ref. 12165, 13446) and reported as part of gill net catch composition in Talisay area, Taal Lake (Ref. 81207, 13446). Caught in Lake Manguao by gill net and by hook and line (Ref. 13489). Collected from CLSU fish pond, Nueva Ecija (Ref. 81820). An important food fish. Previously cultured in the past (Ref. 7306, 12548). Also Ref. 2847, 12547, 12744, 36654, 41236.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bleher, H., 1996
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Channidae (Snakeheads)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

ثعبانيّ الرّأس المخطّط, 纹鳢, Tête de serpent strié, ... more

Main reference

Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. (Ref. 6028)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2686); common length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 44091); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)

Length at first maturity
L_m 18.0, range 23 - ? cm

Environment

Freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: ? - 20; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 10 m (Ref. 2686), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 4515)

Climate / Range

Tropical; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 1672), preferred ?; 35°N - 18°S

Distribution

Asia: Pakistan to Thailand and south China. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 38-43; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 23 - 27. Body sub-cylindrical; head depressed; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 2847). The dorsal surface and sides is dark and mottled with a combination of black and ochre, and white on the belly; a large head reminiscent of a snake's head; deeply-gaping, fully toothed mouth; very large scales (Ref. 44091).

Adults inhabit ponds, streams and rivers, preferring stagnant and muddy water of plains (Ref. 41236). Found mainly in swamps, but also occurs in the lowland rivers. More common in relatively deep (1-2 m), still water. Very common in freshwater plains (Ref. 4515, 57235). Occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Survive dry season by burrowing in bottom mud of lakes, canals and swamps as long as skin and air-breathing apparatus remain moist (Ref. 2686) and subsists on the stored fat (Ref. 1479). Feed on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles (Ref. 1479) and crustaceans (Ref. 2847). Undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During winter and dry season, its flesh around coelomic cavity is heavily infested by a larval trematode Isoparorchis hypselobargi. Other parasites infecting this fish include Pallisentis ophicephali in the intestine and Neocamallanus ophicepahli in the pyloric caecae (Ref. 1479). Processed into pra-hoc, mam-ruot, and mam-ca-loc (varieties of fish paste) in Kampuchea (Ref.4929). Perhaps the main food fish in Thailand, Indochina and Malaysia (Ref. 2686). Firm white flesh almost bone-free, heavy dark skin good for soup and usually sold separately (Ref. 2686). In Hawaiian waters the largest specimen taken reportedly exceeded 150 cm (Ref. 44091). Very economic important on both cultures and captures throughout southern and southeastern Asia (Ref. 57235).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

Threat to humans

Potential pest (Ref. 2847)

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.4 ±0.45 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.21; tm=1.5; Fec = 324)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Unknown

Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)