New Zealand country information

Common names: Groper, Haapuka, Hapuka
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Found around New Zealand, excluding Campbell Plateau (Ref. 9258). Most common over or near rocky areas, down to 250 m (Ref. 9258). Main fishing areas include the deep canyons off the east coast of the North Island, Cook Strait, off Kaikoura and off the west coat of the South Island (Ref. 9258). Landed throughout the year, but peaks in June to August (Ref. 9258). Recorded in the trawl survey in Chatham Islands (Ref. 45493) and off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 7300, 9072, 9988, 45524, 52581, 75154.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Polyprionidae (Wreckfishes)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Хапуку, Cernier de Nouvelle-Zélande, Cherna hapuku, ... more

Main reference

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley. 1989. (Ref. 7300)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Sedberry, George | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 160 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 89467); common length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9258); max. published weight: 100.0 kg (Ref. 4537); max. reported age: 60 years (Ref. 41439)

Length at first maturity
L_m 88.0 range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; demersal; depth range 50 - 854 m (Ref. 52581)

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 28°S - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribution

Circumglobal in southern waters: (Ref. 7300): South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec I., Desventuradas Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Chile, north to southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7 - 9

A deepwater species, occurs in seamounts (Ref. 89357). Adults occur generally over rough ground from the central shelf (about 100 m) to the shelf edge and down to the upper slope. Juveniles are found in surface waters, perhaps school in association with drifting weed. Feed on barracouta and pilchards, in addition to various bottom-dwelling fish. Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421). Preyed upon by sperm whales (Ref. 9072). It is taken by droplining down to 400 m, and is sometimes seen in the trawled catch. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Severely overfished (Ref. 89357).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.8125 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
4.5 ±0.77 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (tm=10-13; tmax=60)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (58 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low

Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801)