Indonesia country information

Common names: Arwana, Asian bonytongue, Ikan siluk
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: Kottelat, M. and E. Widjanarti, 2005
Regulations: protected | Ref: Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten, 1996
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Known from Sumatra and Borneo (Ref. 36654). Recorded from Danau Sentarum National Park (Ref. 56749). Museum: Kapuas, MZB 3010 (Ref. 2091). Protected by Indonesian law (Ref. 12217) and CITES I and II. This has been bred in captivity by several companies in Pontianak and Indonesia has been allowed to export a given number of captive bred individuals per year. As a result of this captive breeding, juveniles are the most exported commodity which coincided with a change of trade practices in the Kapuas Lakes area. In 1995, fishermen reported that adults were released and juveniles were grown, occasionally obtained from the mouthbrooding parent. This indicates that a part of the juveniles exported as captive bred originate from the wild (Ref. 56749). The species exhibit several colors: red, gold, pink and green; and the market price very much depend on the color with red being the most expensive and green the cheapest (Godi [ggodi@writeme.com], pers. comm.). Also Ref. 4835.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) > Osteoglossidae (Arowanas)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Scléropage d'Asie, Pez lengüihueso malayo, Asian arowana, ... more

Main reference

Kottelat, M. 2013. (Ref. 94476)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 90.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6398)

Length at first maturity
L_m ? range ? - ? cm

Environment

Freshwater; benthopelagic

Climate / Range

Tropical; 24°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060), preferred ?

Distribution

Asia: Southern Myanmar to Malay Peninsula and Indonesia, eastern Thailand to Cardamon Range. International trade banned (CITES I, since 1.7.75).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

With 1 pair of barbels; scales large.

Occurs in tannin stained blackwater streams (Ref. 12693). Found in forest covered streams including peat adjacent areas. Take around three months for free swimming fries (Ref. 57235). Young individuals feed on insects at the water surface, adults take fishes (Ref. 12693, 57235) and smaller vertebrates (Ref. 56749). A mouth brooder, young about 6 cm at birth (Ref. 7050, 57235). Valued as an aquarium fish, its flesh commands a moderate price.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Endangered (EN) (A4cd)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: highly commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
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Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
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Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5781 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.9 ±0.63 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm = 3-4; Fec = 50 (in concrete tanks))

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Unknown

Scleropages formosus (Müller & Schlegel, 1840)