Germany (Federal Republic of) country information

Common names: Bastardmakrele, Holzmakrele, Stöcker
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1992
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in the Elbe estuary (Ref. 51031).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.ble.de/index.cfm?8C712107D9244972B3C193AC1917DCE7#Handelsbezeichnungen
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., 1987
National Database: AGRDEU

Classificação / Names

Actinopterygii (peixes com raios nas barbatanas) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Ставрида обыкновенная, Chinchard d'Europe, Jurel, ... more

Referência principal

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. (Ref. 4233)
Referências | Bibliografia | Coordenador : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Colaboradores

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); Peso máx. publicado: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)

Length at first maturity
L_m 23.9, range 21 - 30 cm

Ambiente

; marinhas; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256)

Clima / Intervalo

Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 19°S, 26°W - 41°E (Ref. 54256)

Distribuição

Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, round the coast to Maputo.
Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Introduções

Descrição breve

Espinhos dorsais (total): 9; Raios dorsais moles (total): 30-36; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais moles: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).

Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.