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Platichthys flesus  (Linnaeus, 1758)

European flounder
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Platichthys flesus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Platichthys flesus (European flounder)
Platichthys flesus
Picture by Stergiou, K.I.

Estonia country information

Common names: Flounder, Jõelest, Lest
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Ojaveer, E. and E. Pihu, 2003
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Abundant in the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland (Ref. 52079).
National Checklist: Estonian checklist - Fish
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Anonymous, 1999
National Database: Estonian Vertebrates

Classification / Names

ऐकटीनोप्टीरेजी (रेज़-फिन्नढ मछलियाँ) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Камбала речная, Flet d'Europe, Platija europea, ... more

Main reference

Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau. 1998. (Ref. 30193)
 संदर्भ | Biblio | संयोजक : Amaoka, Kunio | सहयोगीयो

आकार / वज़न / Age

Max length : 60.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 35388); common length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 30578); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 2.9 kg (Ref. 104349); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 3944)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 24.1, range 25 - 30 cm

पर्यावरण

; समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; pH range: 7.5 - 8.2; कैटाड़रोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 1 - 100 m (Ref. 35388)

जलवायु / सीमा

Temperate; 5°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 30°N, 32°W - 45°E (Ref. 54704)

वितरण

Eastern Atlantic: coastal and brackish waters of western Europe and from the White Sea to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 4705, Ref. 51442). Introduced into the USA and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water (Ref. 1739). Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).
 देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | भूमिका

Short description

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 53-62; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 37 - 46. Flatfish, its disc width less than half its length (Ref. 3137). Small mouth (Ref. 3137, Ref. 51442). Eyes mostly (70%) on right side (Ref. 3137, 51442), 79% of dextrally oriented flounder (n = 1076) in Bos, 2000 (Ref. 57574). Rough skin, especially along the lateral line and the basis of the dorsal and anal fin (Ref. 3137). Lateral line straight, slightly rounded over pectorals (Ref. 3137). Green-olive colored (Ref. 51442), the bottom side white (Ref. 3137). Irregular reddish spots on the eye side (Ref. 35388).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Migratory fish, which is most of the year found in estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults occur on mud and sand bottom in shallow water, at sea and brackish; often entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). During winter, adults retreat to deeper, warmer waters, where they spawn in spring (Ref. 30193). The growing larvae are moving to the coast (Ref. 51442). Larvae and early juveniles use selective tidal transport to migrate upstream rivers (Ref. 57575) using a range of triggers such as salinity, prey density and water temperature (Ref. 57573, 57574). Juveniles live in shallow coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 57574), which are also the summer feeding grounds for the adults (Ref. 30193). Juveniles of less than a year old feed on plankton and larvae of insects, juveniles of more than a year and adults feed on benthic fauna (Ref. 51442), including small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 30193). Nocturnal and burrowing (Ref. 30193). Marketed fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Worms and mollusks are excellent baits for line fishing (Ref. 30578).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Least Concern (LC) 

Threat to humans

  Harmless



Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: प्रयोगात्मक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.7500 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
 3.3   ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 69278)
 माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.22-0.3; tm=2-5; tmax=15; Fec= 2 million)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
 Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
 Very high