Australia country information

Common names: Araara, Blue trevally, Blurter
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Distributed from approximately Rockhampton on the central Queensland coast through the waters of all southern Australian States to North West Cape in Western Australia. They also inhabit the waters of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Commercial fishery: The main fishery for silver trevally is located in New South Wales waters. Trevally are targeted by fishers using beach seines in bays, or from ocean beaches along the coast from Port Macquarie to the Victorian border. They are also caught in the New South Wales trap fishery which targets higher valued species such as snapper (Pagrus auratus) and ocean jackets (Nelusetta ayraudi). Small quantities of silver trevally are caught in estuaries using coastal set gillnets. Catches are also made by demersal otter trawlers targeting other species in the South East Fishery off southeastern Australia. Trawl catch rates are consistently low in the Fishery, e.g. total trawl catches ranged between 200 t and 400 t from 1985-86 to 1989-90. Most of the silver trevally trawl catch is taken from waters less than 100 m deep (Ref. 27735). Silver trevally are also a bycatch of the Southern Shark Fishery, although the level of catch is uncertain due to misreporting of warehous (Seriolella species) as silver trevally. Small quantities of silver trevally are also trolled in Tasmanian coastal waters. The New South Wales catch of silver trevally has increased since the 1980s when the low price obtained for silver trevally deterred fishers from targetting the species. Higher prices now encourage fishers to target silver trevally when the availability of other more valuable species is low. Silver trevally are sold mainly as whole fish on the domestic fresh fish market. Some of the catch is air freighted to Japan as fresh, chilled product. Recreational fishery: Silver trevally is a significant recreational species throughout the area it inhabits. The most common methods used to catch it are handlines and rod-and-line and most fish are caught by using baits of cut fish flesh, whole pilchards (Sardinops neopilchardus) or anchovies (Engraulis australis), squid, prawns (Penaeidae), crabs or cunjevoi (Pyura stolonifera) (Ref. 27128). The largest recorded silver trevally caught by a recreational angler weighed 10 kg and was taken off Lord Howe Island (Australian Anglers Association records). Also Ref. 2156, 2334, 3157.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Каранкс зубатый, 纵带鲹, Carangue dentue, ... more

Issue
The species Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder, 1904) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697) following Randall (2007: Ref. 86689). The species Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier, 1833) is considered as valid in CofF ver. May. 2011 following Smith-Vaniz & Jelks (2006: Ref. 76781), with Caranx luna Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817, Caranx platessa Cuvier, 1833, Caranx nobilis Macleay,1881, and Usacaranx archeyi Griffin, 1932 as synonyms.

Main reference

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley. 1989. (Ref. 7300)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 122 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4887); common length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9258); max. published weight: 18.1 kg (Ref. 4887); max. reported age: 49 years (Ref. 31614)

Length at first maturity
L_m ?, range 28 - 37 cm

Environment

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 10 - 238 m (Ref. 58302), usually 10 - 25 m (Ref. 5288)

Climate / Range

Tropical, preferred 20°C (Ref. 107945); 40°N - 47°S

Distribution

Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena Island. Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Japan, Hawaii (Ref. 26145), Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 9070).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25-26; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 21 - 22; Vertebrae: 25. Greenish blue above, silvery white below; midside of body with yellow stripe; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). LL with 20-26 scutes (Ref. 6390). With maxilla the rear edge sloping slightly forward to its main axis, a large, diffuse dark blotch on the operculum, and a lateral line with 57-78 scales in the curved portion and 34-46 posterior scutes (Ref. 33616).

Adults occur in bays and coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles usually inhabit estuaries, bays and shallow continental shelf waters, while adults form schools near the sea bed on the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Schools are found at the surface, in mid-water and on the bottom and are often associated with reefs and rough bottom (Ref. 9072). Schools are sometimes mixed with Caranx koheru and Arripis trutta (Ref. 9072). Feed on plankton by ram-filtering and suction feeding and on bottom invertebrates (Ref. 9072, 30206). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Cultured only in Japan. (Ref. 4931). One of the best table fish 'being indeed the salmon of St. Helena' (Ref. 5288).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5625 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.9 ±0.6 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.18(?); tmax=46(?))

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high

Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)