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Platichthys flesus  (Linnaeus, 1758)

European flounder
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2100
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Platichthys flesus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Platichthys flesus (European flounder)
Platichthys flesus
Picture by Stergiou, K.I.

country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence:
Salinity:
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
National Database:

分類 / Names

Actinopterygii 輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Камбала речная, Flet d'Europe, Platija europea, ... more

主要參考資料

Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau. 1998. (Ref. 30193)
 參考文獻 | 文獻記錄 | 合作者 : Amaoka, Kunio | 合作者

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30578); 最大體重: 2.9 kg (Ref. 104349); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 3944)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 24.1, range 25 - 30 cm

環境

; 海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 7.5 - 8.2; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 100 m (Ref. 35388)

氣候 / 範圍

5°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614), preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 30°N, 32°W - 45°E (Ref. 54704)

分布

Eastern Atlantic: coastal and brackish waters of western Europe and from the White Sea to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 4705, Ref. 51442). Introduced into the USA and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water (Ref. 1739). Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).

 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

簡短描述

背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 53-62; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 37 - 46. Flatfish, its disc width less than half its length (Ref. 3137). Small mouth (Ref. 3137, Ref. 51442). Eyes mostly (70%) on right side (Ref. 3137, 51442), 79% of dextrally oriented flounder (n = 1076) in Bos, 2000 (Ref. 57574). Rough skin, especially along the lateral line and the basis of the dorsal and anal fin (Ref. 3137). Lateral line straight, slightly rounded over pectorals (Ref. 3137). Green-olive colored (Ref. 51442), the bottom side white (Ref. 3137). Irregular reddish spots on the eye side (Ref. 35388).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Migratory fish, which is most of the year found in estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults occur on mud and sand bottom in shallow water, at sea and brackish; often entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). During winter, adults retreat to deeper, warmer waters, where they spawn in spring (Ref. 30193). The growing larvae are moving to the coast (Ref. 51442). Larvae and early juveniles use selective tidal transport to migrate upstream rivers (Ref. 57575) using a range of triggers such as salinity, prey density and water temperature (Ref. 57573, 57574). Juveniles live in shallow coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 57574), which are also the summer feeding grounds for the adults (Ref. 30193). Juveniles of less than a year old feed on plankton and larvae of insects, juveniles of more than a year and adults feed on benthic fauna (Ref. 51442), including small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 30193). Nocturnal and burrowing (Ref. 30193). Marketed fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Worms and mollusks are excellent baits for line fishing (Ref. 30578).

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 115185)

  無危 (LC) 

對人類具威脅

 



人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的

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網路資源

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | 查看其他網站 | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(養殖: 產生; 漁業: 產生, 魚種描繪; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | GenBank(基因組, 核甘) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | 國家資料庫 | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | Scirus | 周邊海洋 | SeaLifeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(去, 搜尋) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄 | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.7500 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

營養階層 (Ref. 69278)
 3.3   ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 69278)
 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.3; tm=2-5; tmax=15; Fec= 2 million)

瀕危性 (Ref. 59153)
 Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100)
價格種類 (Ref. 80766)
 Very high