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Scophthalmus maximus  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Turbot
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Native range
Scophthalmus maximus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Scophthalmus maximus (Turbot)
Scophthalmus maximus
Picture by Quantz, G.

country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence:
Salinity:
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterigi (pesci con pinne raggiate) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Калкан, 大菱鲆, Rodaballo, ... more

Main reference

Bauchot, M.-L. 1987. (Ref. 3397)
 Bibliografia | Biblio | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Size / Peso / Age

Max length : 100.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); Peso massimo pubblicato: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); Età massima riportata: 25 anni (Ref. 32766)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 34.7, range 41 - 54 cm

Ambiente

; marino; salmastro demersale; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302)

Clima / Range

Temperate, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 30°N, 23°W - 36°E

Distribuzione

Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea.
 Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Introduzioni

Short description

Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Not Evaluated 

Threat to humans

  Harmless



Human uses

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Acquari pubblici

Strumenti

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Classification Tree

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | Check for other websites | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(Acquacoltura: production, species profile; pesca: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | Database Nazionali | Acquari pubblici | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(Go, ricerca) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.5645 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
 4.4   ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 69278)
 Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.15-0.28; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=5 million)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
 Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
 Very high