Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Marine; demersal. Temperate, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 35°N
Northwest Pacific: inland Sea of Japan and Wakasa Bay, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Primorskii Krai, east coast of the Korean Peninsula, the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Bo Hai and middle East China Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 23 - 24 cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559); common length : 28.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56527); max. published weight: 1.3 kg (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56527)
Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau, 1998. Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. (Ref. 30193)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00443 - 0.01132), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.2).
Prior r = 0.51, 2 SD range = 0.33 - 0.80, log(r) = -0.67, SD log(r) = 0.23, Based on: 2 K, 2 tgen, 1 tmax, records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100) .