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Sillago sihama  (Forsskål, 1775)

Silver sillago
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Sillago sihama
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillago: From a locality in Australia .

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 6205), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref. 90102).   Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959), preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 41°N - 36°S, 20°E - 166°E (Ref. 6205)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: southern Red Sea (Ref. 94953) and Knysna, South Africa to Japan and south to Australia. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 9070). In Japan, this name has often been misapplied to Sillago japonica; often misidentified as Sillago lutea or Sillago vincenti.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 22.5, range 13 - 19.1 cm
Max length : 31.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 44894); common length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9679); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 43081)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-23; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 18 - 23. Swim bladder with two anterior and two posterior extensions. The anterior extensions extend forward and diverge to terminate on each side of the basioccipital above the auditory capsule. Two lateral extensions commence anteriorly, each sending a blind tubule anterolaterally and then extending along the abdominal wall below the investing peritoneum to just posterior of the duct-like process. Two posterior tapering extensions of the swim bladder project into the caudal region, one usually longer than the other. The species has a low lateral line with about 70 scales (Ref. 48635).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Ref. 6205, 44894). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Ref. 6226, 6227, 44894). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on planktonic (Ref. 43081). Rarely captured by prawn trawling vessels. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
FAO(fisheries: production; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

More information

References
Aquaculture
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Strains
Genetics
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Heritability
Diseases
Processing
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Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
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Internet sources

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishes of Iran | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00384 - 0.00624), b=3.13 (3.06 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.75-1.22; tm=1; tmax=4; Fec=16,682).
Prior r = 0.85, 2 SD range = 0.43 - 1.68, log(r) = -0.16, SD log(r) = 0.34, Based on: 1 M, 3 K, 1 tgen, 2 tmax, 4 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (24 of 100) .
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.