Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) >
Gonorynchiformes (Milkfish) >
Kneriidae (Shellears)
Etymology: Kneria: From Kner, that studied fishes in the Imperial Museum of Vienna, with Jean Natterer (1817) (Ref. 45335). More on author: Steindachner.
Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical, preferred ?
Africa: Kwango drainage (middle Congo River basin) in Angola (Ref. 1878). Also reported from the Kunene and upper Zambezi systems (Ref. 13332). Presence in the Okavango (Ref. 13332) and southern Kasai (Ref. 45616) uncertain.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3565)
Short description
Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9-10;
Anal
spines: 0;
Anal
soft rays: 11 - 12. Diagnosis: body height less than head length (Ref. 3022), the latter 5.5-6 times in total length (Ref. 1878, 3022). Eye lateral, well visible from below (Ref. 1878), its diameter 3-3.66 times in head length (Ref. 1878, 3022). Dorsal fin origin behind pelvic fins (Ref. 1878, 3022). In males, snout with spine-like tubercles (Ref. 1878, 83772). Ventral profile of lower jaw slightly ventrally curved, except in the middle where it is more or less dorsally curved; more than 100 scales on lateral line; blackish grey band from the back of the head to the caudal fin (Ref. 83772). Lateral line origin curving dorsally above opercular organ, the latter not overlying the anterior lateral line (Ref. 88971). Black spot at base of pelvic and pectoral fins; 2 black spots at base of anal fin (Ref. 3022, 83772). Blackish brown spots just above and below lateral line (Ref. 83772).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Poll, M., 1984. Kneriidae. p. 129-133. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3565)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
Age/SizeGrowthLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorphometricsMorphologyLarvaeLarval dynamicsRecruitmentAbundance
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