Family Gymnuridae - Butterfly rays
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Order |
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Class |
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Elasmobranchii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 1 | Species : 14 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : Yes |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: Atlantic, Indic and Pacific Oceans. Marine, rarely in estuaries. Outer anterior margin of pectorals continuous along side of head. Disc extremely broad. Dorsal fin and tail spines present or absent. Tail short. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek,tail = tai ( Ref. 45335).. |
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Reproductive guild |
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bearers |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja micrura Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Gymnura micura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja altavela Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Dasyatis altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Gymmnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Raja maclura Lesueur, 1817 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea canariensis Valenciennes, 1843 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Dasyatis canariensis (Valenciennes, 1843) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pteroplatea valenciennii Duméril, 1865 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea binotata Lunel, 1879 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea vaillantii Rochebrune, 1880 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja poecilura Shaw, 1804 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea poecilura (Shaw, 1804) | synonym | senior | new | |
Trygon poecilurus (Shaw, 1804) | synonym | senior | new | |
Urogymnus poecilura (Shaw, 1804) | synonym | senior | new | |
Trygon kunsa (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Pastinaca kunsa Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pteroplatea annulata Swainson, 1839 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja pastinaca altavela (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Astrape dipterygia (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Dasyatis micrura (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Gymnura micrura (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Pteroplatea micrura (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Ceratoptera ehrenbergi (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Pteroplatea hirundo (non Lowe, 1843) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Gymnura tentaculata (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new | |
Aetoplatea tentaculata Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea tentaculata (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gymnura hirundo (Lowe, 1843) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea hirundo Lowe, 1843 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Gymmura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gymnura zonura (Bleeker, 1852) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Aetoplatea zonurus Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Aetoplatea zonura Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pteroplatea zonura (Bleeker, 1852) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Gymnura zonurus (Bleeker, 1852) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1864) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper, 1864 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters, 1869) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea crebripunctata Peters, 1869 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea rava Jordan & Starks, 1895 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea australis Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Urogymnus natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gymnura bimaculata (Norman, 1925) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea bimaculata Norman, 1925 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteroplatea jordani Chu, 1930 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Gymnura crooki Fowler, 1934 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand, 1946) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pteroplatea afuerae Hildebrand, 1946 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |