Family Myliobatidae - Eagle and manta rays
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Order |
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Class |
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Elasmobranchii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 6 | Species : 42 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : Yes |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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upper
Cretaceous
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Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Head elevated above disc; jaws powerful with large platelike crushing teeth in several rows in eagle rays; eye and spiracles lateral on head; gill openings about length of eye to much longer; tail much longer than disc; venemous spine(s) present in some; small dorsal fin; pectoral fins reduced or absent opposite the eyes, but with an anterior subdivision that unites below the tip of the snout forming a subrostral lobe in manta rays. Some known for their leaping ability high into the air. Viviparous with 2-6 fully developed young. Plankton-filtering manta rays are among the largest fishes, but harmless. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, myleys, -eos = mill, millstone + Greek, batis, -idos = ray (the fish) ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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bearers |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Myliobatinae | ||||
Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Leiobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myliobatis equila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myliobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myliobatis noctula Bonaparte, 1833 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raia rhombus Larrañaga, 1923 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis cervus Smith, 1935 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Mobula tobijei (Bleeker, 1854) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myliobatis tobije Bleeker, 1854 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Myliobatis californicus Gill, 1865 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Holorhinus californicus (Gill, 1865) | synonym | senior | new | |
Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard, 1856 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera encenadae Smith, 1886 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Myliobatis tenuicandatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Myliobatis tenuicaudatis Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Myliobatus tentuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1892 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Aetobatus peruvianus (Garman, 1913) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myliobatis peruanus Garman, 1913 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis ridens Ruocco, Lucifora, Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña & Delpiani, 2012 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja narinari Euphrasen, 1790 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Stoasodon narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Aetobates narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Aetobatis narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | synonym | senior | new | |
Aetobatis latirostris Duméril, 1861 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
! Aetobatis laticeps Duméril, 1865 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Aetobatus laticeps Duméril, 1865 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Aetomylus maculatus (non Gray, 1834) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Myliobatus maculatus (non Gray, 1834) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja flagellum Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Aetobates flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eel tenkee Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Myliobatus ocellatus Kuhl, 1823 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myliobatis ocellatus Kuhl, 1823 | synonym | senior | original | |
Stoasodon ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Aetobatus ocellata (Kuhl, 1823) | synonym | senior | new | |
Raja tajara Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja tajara hörraeka Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | other | other | |
Raja mula Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja guttata Shaw, 1804 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 1 |
Aetobatus guttatus (Shaw, 1804) | ambiguous | homonym | new | |
! Raia quinqueaculeata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja quinqueaculeata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | |
Myliobatis eeltenkee Rüppell, 1837 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis macroptera McClelland, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja edentula Forster, 1844 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Goniobatis meleagris Agassiz, 1858 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis punctatus Miklukho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Aetobatus punctatus (Miklukho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pteromylaeus punctatus (Miklukho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Aetobatis punctatus (Miklukho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Miliobatis punctatus Miklukho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886 | synonym | junior | original | |
Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen, 1790) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Myliobatis narinari (non Euphrasen, 1790) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Raja narinari (non Euphrasen, 1790) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Stoasodon narinari (non Euphrasen, 1790) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
! Aetobatis narinari (non Euphrasen, 1790) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Aetobatus flagellum (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Aetobatus guttatus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Raja guttata (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
! Aetobatis guttata (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Raja ocellata (non Mitchill, 1815) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Aetobatis indica (non Swainson, 1839) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Aetobatus narutobiei White, Furumitsu & Yamaguchi, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Aetobatus flagellum (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
! Aetobates flagellum (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
! Aetobatis flagellum (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Myliobatus maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Aetomylus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myliobatis cyclura van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original | 2 |
! Myliobatus cyclurus van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original | |
Myliobates oculeus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Raja niehofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus niehofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Raja nichofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Aetomylaeus nichofi (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Aetomyleus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myliobatis nieuhofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Raja nieuhowii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
Raja fasciata Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis vultur Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobates nieuhofii cornifera Annandale, 1909 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | |
Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myliobatis bovina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteromylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myliobates episcopus Valenciennes, 1844 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Myliobatis bonaparti Duméril, 1865 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myliobatis milvus Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Aetomyleus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Aetomylus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myliobatis vultur (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Myliobates oculeus (non Richardson, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myliobatis vespertilio Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Aetomylus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | synonym | senior | new | |
Aetobatus reticulatus Teng, 1962 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Aetomylaeus reticulatus (Teng, 1962) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
Myliobatis milvus (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myliobatis asperrimus Gilbert, 1898 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Pteromylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | synonym | senior | new | |
Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White, Last & Baje, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Mobulinae | ||||
Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raia mobular Bonnaterre, 1788 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Manta mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Mobular mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) | synonym | senior | new | |
Squalus edentulus Brünnich, 1768 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 1 |
Aodon cornu Lacepède, 1798 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Raia fabroniana Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja cephaloptera Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Raja giorna Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephaloptera giorna (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Cephalopterus giornae (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Dicerobatis giornae (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Raja diabolus Shaw, 1804 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Mobula diabolus (Shaw, 1804) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
Mobula auriculata Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Apterurus fabroni Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephalopterus massena Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephaloptera tatraniana van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephalopterus edentula Griffini, 1903 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephalopterus hypostomus Bancroft, 1831 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Cephaloptera olfersii Müller, 1834 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Mobula olfersii (Müller, 1834) | synonym | junior | new | |
Cephaloptera massenoidea Hill, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ceratobatis robertsii Boulenger, 1897 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Ceratobatis robertsi Boulenger, 1897 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Mobula robertsi (Boulenger, 1897) | synonym | junior | new | |
Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephaloptera japanica Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Mobula japonica (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new | |
Mobula rancureli Cadenat, 1959 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephaloptera kuhlii Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Dicerobatis draco Günther, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula diabolus (non Shaw, 1804) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker, 1859) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephaloptera eregoodootenkee Bleeker, 1859 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Dicerobatis eregoodoo Cantor, 1849 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula eregoodoo (Cantor, 1849) | synonym | junior | new | |
Mobula diabola (non Shaw, 1804) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Mobula diabolus (non Shaw, 1804) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Mobula rochebrunei (Vaillant, 1879) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephaloptera rochebrunei Vaillant, 1879 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cephaloptera tarapacana Philippi, 1892 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Mobula tarapanaca (Philippi, 1892) | synonym | senior | new | |
Mobula coilloti Cadenat & Rancurel, 1960 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula formosana Teng, 1962 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Dicerobatis thurstoni Lloyd, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Mobula lucasana Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Manta brevirostris Auctorum | synonym | other | other | |
Raja birostris Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Raja manatia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephalopterus vampyrus Mitchill, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Cephalopterus manta Bancroft, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Manta americana Bancroft, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ceratoptera ehrenbergii Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Manta ehrenbergii (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Ceratoptera ehrenbergi Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ceratoptera johnii Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Brachioptilon hamiltoni Hamilton & Newman, 1849 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Manta hamiltoni (Hamilton & Newman, 1849) | synonym | junior | new | |
Cephaloptera stelligera Günther, 1870 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Manta raya Baer, 1899 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 1 |
Ceratoptera alfredi (non Krefft, 1868) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Manta alfredi (non Krefft, 1868) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Deratoptera alfredi Krefft, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ceratoptera alfredi Krefft, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | |
Manta fowleri Whitley, 1936 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Manta pakota Whitley, 1936 | synonym | junior | original | 9 |
Rhinopterinae | ||||
Rhinoptera marginata (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myliobatis marginata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera peli Bleeker, 1863 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) | accepted | senior | new | |
Raja bonasus Mitchill, 1815 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera lalandii Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera affinis Bleeker, 1863 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera javanica (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller, 1836 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera adspersa Müller & Henle, 1841 | accepted | senior | original | 1 |
Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Rhinopthera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original | |
Rhinoptera hainanica Chu, 1960 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera jayakari Boulenger, 1895 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera hainanica Chu, 1960 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby, 1912 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |