Main Ref. | Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | internal (oviduct) |
Mating type | |
Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Batch spawner | Ref. |
Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Parental Care | |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Spawning mainly from February to August with at least 30 egg-cases laid (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |