Tyrannophryne pugnax Regan & Trewavas, 1932
Tyrannophryne pugnax
photo by Ho, H.-C.

 Family:  Oneirodidae (Dreamers)
 Max. size: 
 Environment:  bathypelagic; depth range 400 - 2100 m
 Distribution:  Pacific Ocean: Eastern Central Pacific (Ref. 40966); western and central Pacific, including South Pacific (Ref. 86949).
 Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 5-5; Anal soft rays: 5-5. Metamorphosed females distinguished by having an extremely large oblique mouth; elements of upper and lower jaws extending posteriorly far beyond the base of the pectoral fin and opercular opening; vomerine teeth present or absent; well developed sphenotic spines; well-developed symphisial spine on lower jaw; elongate and tapering angular, forming long narrow spine; hypomandibula with two heads; small quadrate spine, however, longer than articular spine; deeply notched posterior margin of opercle; short and broad subopercle, dorsal end rounded, ventral end nearly circular; toothless pharyngobranchial II; caudal fin lacking internal pigmentation; extremely short illicium, almost totally enveloped by tissue of esca in smaller specimens; well developed first ray of dorsal fin; dorsal fin rays 5; anal fin rays 5; short and broad pectoral fin lobe, shorter than longest rays of pectoral fin; pectoral fin rays 18-20; skin naked, lacking dermal spinules; darkly pigmented skin of caudal peduncle extends well past base of caudal fin (Ref. 86949).
 Biology: 
 IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated  (Ref. 96402)
 Threat to humans:  harmless
 Country info:   
 

 Entered by: Garilao, Cristina V. - 23.03.02
 Modified by: Valdestamon, Roxanne Rei - 21.05.13

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