Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815)
Cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus
photo by Schneider, O.

 Family:  Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays), subfamily: Rhinopterinae
 Max. size:  213.3 cm WD (male/unsexed)
 Environment:  benthopelagic; depth range 0 - 22 m, oceanodromous
 Distribution:  Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania, Senegal and Guinea. Western Atlantic: southern New England to northern Florida (USA) and throughout the Gulf of Mexico, migrating to Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 7251).
 Diagnosis:  Deep grove around front of head below eyes; forehead above groove indented, snout below groove is distinctly bilobed (Ref. 26938). Disk brown to olive above, with no spots or marks, wings long and pointed (Ref. 7251). Lower surface white or yellowish white (Ref. 6902).
 Biology:  An oceanic species sometimes found near the coast (Ref. 5217). Feeds on a variety of bivalve mollusks and other benthic prey (Ref. 93252). Forms segregated schools (Ref. 12951). Jumps occasionally, landing with a loud smack, probably as a territorial display. Migrates south in large schools that disappear off northern Florida, USA and are not reported from Caribbean Is.; tagged fish have been recovered in northern South America (Ref. 7251). Population in the Gulf of Mexico migrates clockwise; schools of up to 10,000 rays leave west coast of Florida for Yucatan, Mexico in the fall (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
 IUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened  (Ref. 96402)
 Threat to humans:  traumatogenic
 Country info:   
 

 Entered by: Froese, Rainer - 01.05.91
 Modified by: Valdestamon, Roxanne Rei - 20.01.15
 Checked by: Torres, Armi G. - 03.08.94

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