Ecology of Sparus aurata
 
Main Ref. Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sparus aurata may be found.
Remarks Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture.

Substrate

Substrate Soft Bottom: sand;
Substrate Ref. FAO EastMed Project, 2013
Special habitats Beds: sea grass;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Winstanley, R.H., 1983
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.70 0.00 3.25 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Ref. Pita, C., S. Gamito and K. Erzini, 2002
From individual food items 3.39 0.49 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Palomares, Maria Lourdes D. on 09.01.92
Modified by Sampang-Reyes, Arlene G. on 04.08.14
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