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Ecology of Pseudopleuronectes americanus
 
Main Ref. Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Pseudopleuronectes americanus may be found.
Remarks It is preyed upon by monkfish, dogfish, sea raven, harbor, harp and grey seals. Parasites of the species include 6 protozoans, 2 myxosporidians, 13 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans, 2 brachiurans and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.62 0.08 2.84 0.34 Troph of juv./adults from 5 studies.
Ref. Hacunda, J.S., 1981
From individual food items 3.08 0.54 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sa-a, Pascualita on 03.20.95
Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen on 08.02.07
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