| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396). |
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
| Ref. | Harrison, I.J., 1995 |
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| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | Adults form schools (Ref. 9321). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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