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Ecology of Clupea pallasii pallasii
 
Main Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Clupea pallasii pallasii may be found.
Remarks Migrating inshore to breed, but without any strong north-south migrations, the populations being localized. Apparently landlocked populations (races) exist in the lakes of South Sakhalin, eastern Hokkaido and eastern Honshu. Salinity resistance (min. 1.5%) is maximal in newly hatched larvae and fry, and minimal in larvae of 20-30 days old (Ref. 6507).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.16 0.19 Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies.
Ref. Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988
From individual food items 3.46 0.53 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B. on 10.19.90
Modified by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 10.20.04
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