Main Ref. | Hulley, P.A., 1984 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Endemic in the Mediterranean (mainly western basin) and Atlantic. |
Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Shoaling assumed from population concentration data in relation to seasonal, diurnal and spatial feeding behavior and food preference (Ref. 56757). Also Ref. 94894. A vertical migrator, in the Gulf of Maine, found between 275-850 m at daytime and 200 m at night (at times coming to the surface); the entire population does not migrate every night (Ref. 86779). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Hulley, P.A., 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit ref | Hulley, P.A., 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trophic level(s) |
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